Automatic Passenger Controller in Buses

Automatic Passenger Controller  in Buses

The automatic passenger controller is a system which controls the number of passengers inside the bus. This system counts the passengers  enterd the bus and leaves the bus. If the passenger count reaches the maximum permissible number the the door automatically closed. It opens only after the passenger number decreases.

Block Diagram

Microcontroller

            PIC is a family of Harvard architecture microcontrollers made by Microchip Technology. The name PIC initially referred to "Peripheral Interface Controller". Mid-Range devices feature a 14-bit program word architecture and are available in 8 to 64-pin packages. These microcontrollers provide 1.8-5.5V operation, speeds up to 20 MHz, interrupt handling and an 8-level deep stack. These devices are available in various peripheral and memory configurations and feature serial analog and digital peripherals.

LCD

            This is a basic 16 character by 2 line display. Black text on Green background. Utilizes the extremely common HD44780 parallel interface chip set. It will need minimum 6 general I/O pins to interface to this LCD screen. Includes LED back light. This will work in 4 bit and 8 bit mode.

Motor Driver

            To make a motor operate, we have to pass a suitable pull-in and holding current (DC) through its terminals. And generally motor  field coils are designed to operate from a particular supply voltage often 12V or 5V, in the case of many of the small motors used for electronics work. In each case the coil has a resistance which will draw the right pull-in and holding currents when its connected to that supply voltage. To provide this current,motor driving circuits are used.

Stepper Motor

            A stepper motor (or step motor) is a brush less, synchronous electric motor that can divide a full rotation into a large number of steps. The motor's position can be controlled precisely without any feedback mechanism.

Power Supply

            In mains-supplied electronic systems the AC input voltage must be converted into a DC

voltage with the right value and degree of stabilization. The ac from the transformer secondary is

rectified by a bridge rectifier and filtered by the capacitor. A Linear voltage regulators produce regulated output voltage.