Antenna Gain
Antenna gain is a measure of the directionality of an antenna. Antenna gain isdefined as the power output, in a particular direction, compared to that produced in
any direction by a perfect omnidirectional antenna (isotropic antenna).
if an antenna has a gain of 3 dB, that antenna improves upon the isotropic antenna in
that direction by 3 dB, or a factor of 2. The increased power radiated in a given direction
is at the expense of other directions. In effect, increased power is radiated in one
direction by reducing the power radiated in other directions. It is important to note
that antenna gain does not refer to obtaining more output power than input power
but rather to directionality.
A concept related to that of antenna gain is the effective area of an antenna.
The effective area of an antenna is related to the physical size of the antenna and to
its shape. The relationship between antenna gain and effective area is
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