Define different types of Operators.

Define different types of Operators.
Ans.: An operator is a symbol which helps the user to command the computer to do a
certain mathematical or logical manipulations. Operators are used in C language
program to operate on data and variables. C has a rich set of operators which can
be classified as
(1) Arithmetic Operators
(2) Relational Operators
(3) Logical Operators
(4) Assignment Operators
(5) Increments and Decrement Operators
(6) Conditional Operators
(7) Bitwise Operators
(8) Special Operators


(1) Arithmetic Operators : All the basic arithmetic operations can be carried
out in C. All the operators have almost the same meaning as in other
languages. Both unary and binary operations are available in C language.
Unary operations operate on a singe operand, therefore the number 5
when operated by unary – will have the value –5.


Integer Arithmetic : When an arithmetic operation is performed on two
whole numbers or integers than such an operation is called as integer
arithmetic. It always gives an integer as the result. Let x = 27 and y = 5 be
2 integer numbers. Then the integer operation leads to the following
results :
x + y = 32
x – y = 22
x * y = 115
x % y = 2
x / y = 5
In integer division the fractional part is truncated.
Floating Point Arithmetic : When an arithmetic operation is preformed on
two real numbers or fraction numbers such an operation is called floating
point arithmetic. The floating point results can be truncated according to
the properties requirement. The remainder operator is not applicable for
floating point arithmetic operands.


Mixed mode arithmetic : When one of the operand is real and other is an
integer and if the arithmetic operation is carried out on these 2 operands
then it is called as mixed mode arithmetic. If any one operand is of real
type then the result will always be real thus 15/10.0 = 1.5.


(2) Relational Operators : Often it is required to compare the relationship
between operands and bring out a decision and program accordingly.
This is when the relational operator come into picture. C supports the
following relational operators.


(3) Logical Operators : C has the following logical operators, they compare or
evaluate logical and relational expressions.





Logical AND (&&) : This operator is used to evaluate 2 conditions or
expressions with relational operators simultaneously. If both the
expressions to the left and to the right of the logical operator is true then
the whole compound expression is true.
Example :
a > b && x = = 10
The expression to the left is a > b and that on the right is x == 10 the whole
expression is true only if both expressions are true i.e., if a is greater than b
and x is equal to 10.
Logical OR (||) : The logical OR is used to combine 2 expressions or the
condition evaluates to true if any one of the 2 expressions is true.
Example :
a < m || a < n
The expression evaluates to true if any one of them is true or if both of
them are true. It evaluates to true if a is less than either m or n and when a
is less than both m and n.
Logical NOT (!) : The logical not operator takes single expression and
evaluates to true if the expression is false and evaluates to false if the
expression is true. In other words it just reverses the value of the
expression.


(4) Assignment Operators : The Assignment Operator evaluates an
expression on the right of the expression and substitutes it to the value or
variable on the left of the expression.
Example :
x = a + b
Here the value of a+b is evaluated and substituted to the variable x.
In addition, C has a set of shorthand assignment operators of the form.
var oper = exp;
Here var is a variable, exp is an expression and oper is a C binary
arithmetic operator. The operator oper = is known as shorthand
assignment operator.
Example :
x + = 1 is same as x = x + 1





Example for using shorthand assignment operator :
.
#define N 100 //creates a variable N with constant value 100
#define A 2 //creates a variable A with constant value 2

main() //start of the program
{
int a; //variable a declaration
a = A; //assigns value 2 to a
while (a < N) //while value of a is less than N
{ //evaluate or do the following
printf(“%d \n”,a); //print the current value of a
a *= a; //shorthand form of a = a * a
} //end of the loop
} //end of the program
.
Using ifs to decide on a discount
#include <stdio.h>
void main() {
const double price = 3.50; /* price*/
int quantity = 0;
printf("Enter the number that you want to buy:"); /* Prompt message */
scanf(" %d", &quantity); /* Read the input */
/* Test for order quantity qualifying for a discount */
if( quantity>20) /* 5% discount */
printf("The price for %d is $%.2f\n", quantity, quantity * price * 0.95);
else
/* No discount */
printf("The price for %d is $%.2f\n", quantity, quantity * price); }
include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int number = 0;
printf("\nEnter an integer between 1 and 10: ");
scanf("%d",&number);
if (number > 7)
printf("You entered %d which is greater than 7\n", number);
if (number < 3)
printf("You entered %d which is less than 3\n", number);
}