6. Volatile substances (solvents and inhalants)

6. Volatile substances (solvents and inhalants)

Volatile substances are commonly known as inhalants or solvents. A wide variety of commonly
occurring household and industrial products can be inhaled to produce a 'high'. The most
commonly used volatile substances are butane gas, chrome, paint thinner, petrol and glues. As
with alcohol, volatile substances are classified as a 'central nervous system depressant'.
Deliberate inhalation of solvents, along with unintentional inhalation occurring, for example, when
working with solvents, may lead to intoxication and/or impair the ability to work safely. Employers
who require workers to work with solvents must consult national exposure standards and conduct
risk assessments and address identified risks. Deliberate inhalation should be responded to in the
context of this guidance note.
Onset of intoxication can be rapid and severe, with increased risk of injury. Effects are short term,
and recovery, like intoxication, is relatively rapid.
Effects include headache, sore eyes, drowsiness, disorientation, double vision, anxiety, dizziness,
tiredness, nausea, poor coordination, slowed reaction time and, in higher doses, reduction in
muscle strength.
Intentional and unintentional long-term inhalation of solvents may be a serious health hazard. For
example, inhaling excessive amounts of toxic substances such as leaded petrol can damage the
brain and nervous system, liver, kidneys and bone marrow. Death can, in rare cases, result from
arrhythmia (irregular heat beat) or suffocation.