How do opioids affect the brain and body?

How do opioids affect
the brain and body?

Opioids act by attaching to
specific proteins called opioid
receptors, which are found in the
brain, spinal cord, gastrointestinal
tract, and other organs in the
body. When these drugs attach
to their receptors, they reduce
the perception of pain. Opioids
can also produce drowsiness,
mental confusion, nausea,
constipation, and, depending

upon the amount of drug taken,
can depress respiration. Some
people experience a euphoric
response to opioid medications,
since these drugs also affect the
brain regions involved in reward.
Those who abuse opioids may seek
to intensify their experience by
taking the drug in ways other than
those prescribed. For example,
OxyContin is an oral medication
used to treat moderate to severe
pain through a slow, steady release
of the opioid. People who abuse
OxyContin may snort or inject
it,2 thereby increasing their risk
for serious medical complications,
including overdose.