Invisible dark matter of an unknown but nonbaryonic nature must be the dominant ingredient of the entire universe.

Invisible dark matter of an unknown but nonbaryonic
nature must be the dominant ingredient of
the entire universe.

The Big Bang requires sprinkling galaxies, clusters, superclusters, and
the universe with ever- increasing amounts of this invisible, not-yetdetected
“dark matter” to keep the theory viable. Overall, over 90% of
the universe must be made of something we have never detected. By
contrast, Milgrom’s model (the alternative to “dark matter”) provides
a one-parameter explanation that works at all scales and requires no
“dark matter” to exist at any scale. (I exclude the additional 50%-
100% of invisible ordinary matter inferred to exist by, e.g., MACHO
studies.) Some physicists don’t like modifying the law of gravity in
this way, but a finite range for natural forces is a logical necessity (not
just theory) spoken of since the 17th century. [29,30]
Milgrom’s model requires nothing more than that. Milgrom’s is an
operational model rather than one based on fundamentals. But it is
consistent with more complete models invoking a finite range for
gravity. So Milgrom’s model provides a basis to eliminate the need
for “dark matter” in the universe at any scale. This represents one
more Big Bang “fudge factor” no longer needed.