The average luminosity of quasars must decrease

5. The average luminosity of quasars must decrease

with time in just the right way so that their average
apparent brightness is the same at all redshifts,
which is exceedingly unlikely.
According to the Big Bang theory, a quasar at a redshift of 1 is
roughly ten times as far away as one at a redshift of 0.1. (The redshiftdistance
relation is not quite linear, but this is a fair approximation.) If
the two quasars were intrinsically similar, the high redshift one would
be about 100 times fainter because of the inverse square law. But it is,
on average, of comparable apparent brightness. This must be
explained as quasars “evolving” their intrinsic properties so that they
get smaller and fainter as the universe evolves. That way, the quasar
at redshift 1 can be intrinsically 100 times brighter than the one at 0.1,
explaining why they appear (on average) to be comparably bright. It
isn’t as if the Big Bang has a reason why quasars should evolve in just
this magical way. But that is required to explain the observations
using the Big Bang interpretation of the redshift of quasars as a
measure of cosmological distance. See [19,20].
By contrast, the relation between apparent magnitude and distance
for quasars is a simple, inverse-square law in alternative cosmologies.
In [20], Arp shows great quantities of evidence that large quasar
redshifts are a combination of a cosmological factor and an intrinsic
factor, with the latter dominant in most cases. Most large quasar
redshifts (e.g., z > 1) therefore have little correlation with distance. A
grouping of 11 quasars close to NGC 1068, having nominal ejection

patterns correlated with galaxy rotation, provides further strong
evidence that quasar redshifts are intrinsic. [21]