6. Motivation. Efficiency depends on motivation.

6. Motivation. Efficiency depends on motivation. Motivation can be positive (promise
of benefits and rewards – „the carrot‟) and negative (use of intimidation – „the stick‟).
Abraham Maslow‟s theory concerning the needs and satisfactions of human beings
stated that
 Man is a wanting being: his needs must be satisfied; once satisfied, they are
replaced by further needs;
 Man‟s needs are arranged in a progressive series of levels – a hierarchy of
importance
 A man‟s job may help satisfy those needs.
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The hierarchy of needs may be as follows:
 The basic physiological needs (air, food, drink, rest, etc.)
 Safety or security needs (safety from physical danger, economic security,
discrimination, a desire for order)
 Social needs (friendship, affection, and acceptance: informal groups become very
significant aspects of organization behavior)
 Esteem needs, including self-esteem and the esteem of others (status, recognition,
respect and appreciation, the desire to excel)
 The need for self-realisation (realization of one‟s full potential).