attacks

A complete answer to (2) specifies more than just
the loss of the things listed in answer to (1). There
are also the issues of system availability, wherein a
denial-of-service attack could cost the client actual
revenue and customer loss because systems were unavailable.
The world became quite familiar with denial-
of-service attacks in February of 2000 when attacks
were launched against eBay**, Yahoo!**,
E*TRADE**, CNN**, and other popularWebsites.
During the attacks, customers were unable to reach
these Web sites, resulting in loss of revenue and
“mind share.” The answers to (1) should contain
more than just a list of information assets on the organization’s
computer. The level of damage to an
organization’s good image resulting from a successful
criminal hack can range from merely embarrassing
to a serious threat to revenue. As an example of
a hack affecting an organization’s image, on January
17, 2000, a U.S. Library of Congress Web site
was attacked. The original initial screen is shown in
Figure 1, whereas the hacked screen is shown in Figure
2. As is often done, the criminal hacker left his
or her nickname, or handle, near the top of the page
in order to guarantee credit for the break-in.