The Expression Eb/No
Chapter 2 introduced the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). There is a parameterrelated to SNR that is more convenient for determining digital data rates and
error rates and that is the standard quality measure for digital communication
system performance. The parameter is the ratio of signal energy per bit to noise
power density per Hertz, EbINo. Consider a signal, digital or analog, that contains
binary digital data transmitted at a certain bit rate R. Recalling that
1 watt = 1 J/s, the energy per bit in a signal is given by Eb = SIb, where S is
the signal power and Ib is the time required to send one bit. The data rate R is
just R = lIIb. Thus
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